Passover Lamb: the blood shed protects the elect
JOSEPH TO MOSES
A few weeks ago we met Joseph, one of the 12 sons of Israel who was sold into slavery by his brothers and ended up in Egypt where he rose to 2nd in power only to Pharaoh. Due to his favor with Pharaoh all of his brothers and the rest of his family were invited to come back to Egypt and enjoy the best of the land. Time passed. The Israelites multiplied and had become numerous – as numerous as the sand on the sea and the stars in the sky. A new king arose who didn’t know about Joseph and enslaved the Jews and mistreated them. It was at this time that we met Moses who was a type of Christ the prophet to God’s people, the mediator of a covenant who gave the law from the mount, the one who delivered God’s people from bondage.
GOD’S FAITHFULNESS IN THE CONTEXT
NUMEROUS DESCENDANTS. Now, before we move forward in the story, I want to call your attention to a couple of things in the context of our study. The descendents of Israel (who were essentially the offspring of Abraham) had become exceedingly numerous. Do you recall that God foretold this? God promised that this very thing would come to be. I don’t know about you, but that causes me to rejoice in the Lord our God as He is a God of His word. He is faithful to what He says. He does what he says. He is trustworthy and reliable. God said to Abraham in Gen 15:5 “Look up at the heavens and count the stars-if indeed you can count them.” Then he said to him, “So shall your offspring be.” God says to him elsewhere, “I will surely bless you and make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and as the sand on the seashore.” (Gen 22:17) We see the fulfillment of that very thing in Ex 1:6 Now Joseph and all his brothers and all that generation died, 7 but the Israelites were fruitful and multiplied greatly and became exceedingly numerous, so that the land was filled with them. God is a God of His word. He is faithful to what He says. He makes promises and fulfills them. He is trustworthy and reliable.
STRANGERS MISTREATED AS SLAVES. Another thing that I want to call your attention to in our context is that the Israelites were strangers in a country not their own and they were mistreated as slaves. This isn’t just how things happened to turn out. This isn’t some big surprise and this isn’t coincidence. The Sovereign God of the universe decreed that it would come to pass. God said to Abraham in Gen 15:13-14 "Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a country not their own, and they will be enslaved and mistreated four hundred years. We see the fulfillment of this very thing in Exodus 1:11 So they put slave masters over them to oppress them with forced labor, and they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh. 12 But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and spread; so the Egyptians came to dread the Israelites 13 and worked them ruthlessly. 14 They made their lives bitter with hard labor in brick and mortar and with all kinds of work in the fields; in all their hard labor the Egyptians used them ruthlessly.
GOD WAS FAITHFUL IN HIS PROMISES TO ABRAHAM. Abraham’s descendants were the Israelites who were exceedingly numerous in number, strangers in a country not their own and mistreated as slaves by the Egyptians. God brought to pass the very thing that he said he would bring to pass. God is a God of His word. He is faithful to what He says. He makes promises and fulfills them. He is trustworthy and reliable.
Does it not give you great joy to know and serve such a trustworthy God? Our God is not impotent but OMNIpotent. He is not only powerful enough to bring about the thing which he decrees, he is all powerful.
Now look what God told Abraham next. He said Gen 15:13-14 "Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a country not their own, and they will be enslaved and mistreated four hundred years. 14 But I will punish the nation they serve as slaves, and afterward they will come out with great possessions.”
GOD IS 2 FOR 2. ADDED 2 PROMISES – 4 FOR 4?
So we have seen their increase in numbers and their enslavement as strangers in a land not their own. Thus far God is 2 for 2. He’s batting 1.000 as far as fulfilling these specific promises to Abraham. Now we see God has added to His promises: to punish the nation they serve as slaves and afterward Israel would come out with great possessions. Let’s see if God can keep up his hitting streak and go 4 for 4. God is a god of His word. He does what He says he will do. He is faithful. Let’s see how this plays out. Let’s watch this story unfold as we see God punish the nation they serve as slaves and bring them out with great possessions.
Turn with me to Exodus 11. As you do I’m going to paraphrase the plot that has building since chapter 2.
God saw the misery of His people because of their slave-drivers and was concerned about their suffering so he called Moses to deliver them from this bondage. God had appeared to Moses manifest as a burning bush and spoke with him (Ex 3). God gave him the ability to perform signs and wonders in order to authenticate his leadership (Ex 4).
God told Moses to go and speak with Pharaoh and tell him to let my people go so that they may worship me.
Exodus 4:21 The LORD said to Moses, “When you return to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders I have given you the power to do. But I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go.
Exodus 7:3 But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I multiply my miraculous signs and wonders in Egypt
Then God sent on Egypt a plague of blood. All of the water in Egypt was turned into blood.
A week passed. God had Moses return to Pharaoh and say let my people go that they may worship me. If you don’t I will plague your country with frogs. FROGS EVERYWHERE. Pharaoh had Moses and Aaron pray to God to take them away and that they could leave.
Exodus 8:15 But when Pharaoh saw that there was relief, he hardened his heart and would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the LORD had said.
God, being a God of His word, being faithful to what He says, truly did harden Pharaoh’s heart. God does what He says He will do. He is faithful. He is trustworthy.
After the plague of frogs, God sent other plagues:
- GNATS
- FLIES
- LIVESTOCK
- FESTERING BOILS
- HAIL
- LOCUSTS
- DARKNESS (felt)
Look at the mighty hand of God! If this story is familiar we can hear this and gloss over it. Look at these mighty acts, this display of the power of our God.
After all of this, Pharaoh would not let God’s people go.
Let’s pick up in Exodus 11:1 and read the account of the last plague that God sent on Egypt.
1 Now the LORD had said to Moses, "I will bring one more plague on Pharaoh and on Egypt. After that, he will let you go from here, and when he does, he will drive you out completely. 2 Tell the people that men and women alike are to ask their neighbors for articles of silver and gold." 3 (The LORD made the Egyptians favorably disposed toward the people, and Moses himself was highly regarded in Egypt by Pharaoh's officials and by the people.)
Remember God’s promise to Abraham 400 years earlier. I will punish the nation they serve as slaves and afterward they will come out with great possessions. We have already seen God punishing that nation (plagues) now we see God on the brink of delivering on his promise to bring them out with great possessions.
4 So Moses said (TO PHARAOH), "This is what the LORD says: 'About midnight I will go throughout Egypt. 5 Every firstborn son in Egypt will die, from the firstborn son of Pharaoh, who sits on the throne, to the firstborn son of the slave girl, who is at her hand mill, and all the firstborn of the cattle as well. 6 There will be loud wailing throughout Egypt—worse than there has ever been or ever will be again. 7 But among the Israelites not a dog will bark at any man or animal.' Then you will know that the LORD makes a distinction between Egypt and Israel. 8 All these officials of yours will come to me, bowing down before me and saying, 'Go, you and all the people who follow you!' After that I will leave." Then Moses, hot with anger, left Pharaoh.
9 The LORD had said to Moses, "Pharaoh will refuse to listen to you—so that my wonders may be multiplied in Egypt." 10 Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let the Israelites go out of his country.
So God is bringing the final plague on Egypt before rescuing His people as He had promised to Abraham 400 years earlier. Remember, God is a god of His word, one who is faithful and true. God tells Pharaoh that He will strike down (kill) all of the firstborn sons in Egypt, even those of the cattle.
Let’s continue reading into chapter 12. This is where things get very interesting, so pay close attention to the language. Exodus12:1 The LORD said to Moses and Aaron in Egypt, 2 "This month is to be for you the first month, the first month of your year. 3 Tell the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man is to take A LAMB for his family, one for each household. 4 If any household is too small for a whole lamb, they must share one with their nearest neighbor, having taken into account the number of people there are. You are to determine the amount of lamb needed in accordance with what each person will eat. 5 The animals you choose must be year-old MALES WITHOUT DEFECT, and you may take them from the sheep or the goats. 6 Take care of them until the fourteenth day of the month, when all the people of the community of Israel must SLAUGHTER THEM at twilight. 7 Then they are to take some of THE BLOOD and put it on the sides and tops of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the lambs. 8 That same night they ARE TO EAT THE MEAT roasted over the fire, along with bitter herbs, and bread made without yeast. 9 Do not eat the meat raw or cooked in water, but roast it over the fire—head, legs and inner parts. 10 Do not leave any of it till morning; if some is left till morning, you must burn it. 11 This is how you are to eat it: with your cloak tucked into your belt, your sandals on your feet and your staff in your hand. Eat it in haste; it is the LORD's PASSOVER.
12 "On that same night I will pass through Egypt and strike down every firstborn—both men and animals—and I will BRING JUDGMENT on all the gods of Egypt. I am the LORD. 13 The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are; and when I see the blood, I will PASS OVER YOU. No destructive plague will touch you when I strike Egypt.
God is going to destroy all of the firstborn sons in Egypt. God commanded the Israelites on the 10th day of that month to:
- Slaughter a lamb
- male
- without defect
- to eat of it
- and smear some of its blood on the sides and tops of the doorframes of their homes.
- God will pass through Egypt and strike down the firstborns of the Egyptians, but PASS OVER the homes covered by the blood of the lamb.
Did God need the blood? Was He unsure who was Israel and who was Egypt? V13 a sign for YOU…not Him.
14 "This is a day you are to commemorate; for the generations to come you shall celebrate it as a festival to the LORD -a lasting ordinance. God had just told them what they were to do on the 10th day of the month; He is now telling them that they will celebrate this event year after year after year as a lasting ordinance in remembrance of God’s deliverance. 15 For seven days you are to eat bread made without yeast. On the first day remove the yeast from your houses, for whoever eats anything with yeast in it from the first day through the seventh must be cut off from Israel. 16 On the first day hold a sacred assembly, and another one on the seventh day. Do no work at all on these days, except to prepare food for everyone to eat—that is all you may do.
17 "Celebrate the Feast of Unleavened Bread, because it was on this very day that I brought your divisions out of Egypt. Celebrate this day as a lasting ordinance for the generations to come. 18 In the first month you are to eat bread made without yeast, from the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the twenty-first day. 19 For seven days no yeast is to be found in your houses. And whoever eats anything with yeast in it must be cut off from the community of Israel, whether he is an alien or native-born. 20 Eat nothing made with yeast. Wherever you live, you must eat unleavened bread."
21 Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and said to them, "Go at once and select the animals for your families and slaughter the Passover lamb. 22 Take a bunch of hyssop, dip it into the blood in the basin and put some of the blood on the top and on both sides of the doorframe. Not one of you shall go out the door of his house until morning. 23 When the LORD goes through the land to strike down the Egyptians, he will see the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe and will pass over that doorway, and he will not permit the destroyer to enter your houses and strike you down.
24 "Obey these instructions as a lasting ordinance for you and your descendants. 25 When you enter the land that the LORD will give you as he promised, observe this ceremony. 26 And when your children ask you, 'What does this ceremony mean to you?' 27 then tell them, 'It is the Passover sacrifice to the LORD, who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt and spared our homes when he struck down the Egyptians.' " Then the people bowed down and worshiped. 28 The Israelites did just what the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron.
God commanded them to take time every year to have a ceremony in order to celebrate and remember what God did when He passed over the homes covered by the blood and struck down the Egyptians.
29 At midnight the LORD struck down all the firstborn in Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on the throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner, who was in the dungeon, and the firstborn of all the livestock as well. 30 Pharaoh and all his officials and all the Egyptians got up during the night, and there was loud wailing in Egypt, for there was not a house without someone dead. God did what He said He would do. He is faithful and trustworthy. He said He would pass through the land and strike down the firstborns of the Egyptians and He did. Our God is faithful.
31 During the night Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, "Up! Leave my people, you and the Israelites! Go, worship the LORD as you have requested. 32 Take your flocks and herds, as you have said, and go. And also bless me."
33 The Egyptians urged the people to hurry and leave the country. "For otherwise," they said, "we will all die!" 34 So the people took their dough before the yeast was added, and carried it on their shoulders in kneading troughs wrapped in clothing. 35 The Israelites did as Moses instructed and asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold and for clothing. 36 The LORD had made the Egyptians favorably disposed toward the people, and they gave them what they asked for; so they plundered the Egyptians.
God is a god of His Word; He is faithful to what He says. He told Abraham in Gen 15 that his descendants will be strangers in a country not their own, and they will be enslaved and mistreated four hundred years. 14 But I will punish the nation they serve as slaves, and afterward they will COME OUT WITH GREAT POSSESSIONS.” God is a god of His Word; He is faithful to what He says. As He told Abraham, they came out with great possessions as the Egyptians gave them whatever they asked for. Our God is faithful.
37 The Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Succoth. There were about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides women and children. 38 Many other people went up with them, as well as large droves of livestock, both flocks and herds. 39 With the dough they had brought from Egypt, they baked cakes of unleavened bread. The dough was without yeast because they had been driven out of Egypt and did not have time to prepare food for themselves.
40 Now the length of time the Israelite people lived in Egypt was 430 years. 41 At the end of the 430 years, to the very day, all the LORD's divisions left Egypt. 42 Because the LORD kept vigil that night to bring them out of Egypt, on this night all the Israelites are to keep vigil to honor the LORD for the generations to come.
Now, the LORD had commanded the Israelites to celebrate and remember this yearly. He is about to give some regulations regarding their Passover celebrations. Listen carefully to these regulations in the text:
43 The LORD said to Moses and Aaron, "These are the regulations for the Passover:
"NO FOREIGNER IS TO EAT OF IT. (Only Israelites) 44 Any slave you have bought may eat of it after you have circumcised him, 45 but a temporary resident and a hired worker may not eat of it.
"NO FOREIGNER IS TO EAT OF IT. (Only Israelites) 44 Any slave you have bought may eat of it after you have circumcised him, 45 but a temporary resident and a hired worker may not eat of it.
46 "It must be eaten inside one house; take none of the meat outside the house. DO NOT BREAK ANY OF THE BONES. WHY? Odd? 47 The whole community of Israel must celebrate it.
48 "An alien living among you who wants to celebrate the LORD's Passover must have all the males in his household circumcised; then he may take part like one born in the land. No uncircumcised male may eat of it. 49 The same law applies to the native-born and to the alien living among you."
50 All the Israelites did just what the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron. 51 And on that very day the LORD brought the Israelites out of Egypt by their divisions.
RECAP OF ALL THUS FAR
God’s people were enslaved to Egypt and mistreated. God, came to the rescue of His people. He told the Israelites to take a lamb, a male lamb without defect. Not one of its bones were to be broken. They were to slaughter the lamb and apply its blood to their houses. They were to consume it and leave none of it till morning. God was going to pass through the land to strike down the Egyptians. As He went about He would PASS OVER the households where the blood of the Passover Lamb had been applied. Those which were covered by the blood of the lamb were saved. Those who were not covered by the blood of the lamb died. They faced the wrath of God. As God had previously stated to Abraham, He punished the nation they served as slaves and they came out with great possessions. God then commanded that every year they were to hold a feast in remembrance of the Passover to celebrate the fact that God rescued His people from slavery.
THE PASSOVER LAMB WAS A TYPE OF CHRIST
Now, based on where we have been, you can probably guess where this is going. The Passover Lamb foreshadowed Jesus Christ. The Passover Lamb was a type of Christ. Christ is the antitype, the fulfillment, the reality, the substance. 1 Cor 5:7b For Christ, our Passover lamb has been sacrificed. Christ is our Passover Lamb. Christ IS our Passover Lamb. He is the substance. He is the reality. The Passover Lamb in Egypt was simply a type, a shadow of the greater Passover Lamb Jesus Christ.
CHRIST SACRIFICED ON PASSOVER
Now when exactly was Christ sacrificed? Christ was crucified during the Passover. Matthew 26:2 (Jesus speaking) “As you know, the Passover is two days away—and the Son of Man will be handed over to be crucified.” Skipping down to verse 17 On the first day of the Festival of Unleavened Bread, the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Where do you want us to make preparations for you to eat the Passover?”
18 He replied, “Go into the city to a certain man and tell him, ‘The Teacher says: My appointed time is near. I am going to celebrate the Passover with my disciples at your house.’” 19 So the disciples did as Jesus had directed them and prepared the Passover.
Christ ate the Passover meal with his disciples that night; it was the Last Supper. That night after the meal, Judas betrayed him with a kiss and it was then that he was sacrificed. ON PASSOVER. Christ, our Passover lamb was sacrificed on Passover. Coincidence??? I think not! Fulfillment!
MALE WITHOUT DEFECT
The Passover Lamb is a type of Christ. Christ is our Passover Lamb. God told the Israelites in Ex 12:3-5 to choose a lamb, a male lamb without defect, in other words, choose a male lamb that was perfect, one that doesn’t limp, one that isn’t blind, or lame, choose a perfect male lamb, one without defect. In the same way that the Passover Lamb as to be a male without defect, Christ, our Passover Lamb is a male without defect. The whole of humanity is defective, TAINTED BY SIN. Jesus Christ, however, is perfect, without defect, without sin. 1Pet 1:18-19 For you know that it was not with perishable things such as silver or gold that you were redeemed from the empty way of life handed down to you from your forefathers, but with the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without blemish or defect. In the same way that God had Israel choose a Passover Lamb that was a male without blemish or defect, Christ is our Passover Lamb without blemish or defect.
NONE OF ITS BONES BROKEN
The Passover Lamb is a type of Christ. Christ is our Passover Lamb. God told the Israelites in regards to the Passover Lamb in Ex 12:46 It must be eaten inside one house; take none of the meat outside the house. Do not break any of the bones.
The Israelites were not to break one of the bones of the Passover Lamb. That may seem at first glance like an arbitrary detail, but it’s not. Let’s look at John 19:28 (the context of this passage is the crucifixion – Christ is on the cross) Later, knowing that all was now completed, and so that the Scripture would be fulfilled, Jesus said, "I am thirsty." 29A jar of wine vinegar was there, so they soaked a sponge in it, put the sponge on a stalk of the hyssop plant, and lifted it to Jesus' lips. 30When he had received the drink, Jesus said, "It is finished." With that, he bowed his head and gave up his spirit. 31Now it was the day of Preparation, and the next day was to be a special Sabbath. Because the Jews did not want the bodies left on the crosses during the Sabbath, they asked Pilate to have the legs broken and the bodies taken down. 32The soldiers therefore came and broke the legs of the first man who had been crucified with Jesus, and then those of the other. 33But when they came to Jesus and found that he was already dead, they did not break his legs. 34Instead, one of the soldiers pierced Jesus' side with a spear, bringing a sudden flow of blood and water. 35The man who saw it has given testimony, and his testimony is true. He knows that he tells the truth, and he testifies so that you also may believe.
John recorded these things so that you also may believe. Do you believe? Were John’s efforts in vain or do you believe? Do you believe that Jesus is the Passover Lamb, the male without defect who died on the cross for your sins – that none of His bones were broken. Do you believe that Jesus is the Lamb of God that takes away your sin? John recorded these things that you also may believe and I pray that you do.
36These things happened so that the scripture would be fulfilled: "Not one of his bones will be broken,” (footnotes Ex 12:46, Psalm 34:20)
Now, from what I understand, on the cross, they had a little stump that they could press off of and breathe as they usually died from suffocation. So they would break their legs so they couldn’t press off and breath anymore, they would suffocate sooner. They found Jesus already dead, so there was no need to break his legs. Not one of his bones were broken. In the same way that none of the bones were broken of the Passover Lamb, none of Jesus’ bones were broken, as Christ is our Passover Lamb.
CONSUMED BY GOD’S PEOPLE
Furthermore the Passover Lamb was to be consumed by God’s people – not the uncircumcised. Exodus 12:43-48 43 The LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “These are the regulations for the Passover: “No foreigner is to eat of it. 44 Any slave you have bought may eat of it after you have circumcised him, 45 but a temporary resident and a hired worker may not eat of it. 46 “It must be eaten inside one house; take none of the meat outside the house. Do not break any of the bones. 47 The whole community of Israel must celebrate it.48 “An alien living among you who wants to celebrate the LORD’s Passover must have all the males in his household circumcised; then he may take part like one born in the land. No uncircumcised male may eat of it.
In the shadow world, the whole community of Israel was to EAT OF THE PASSOVER LAMB, the uncircumcised were not to eat of the Lamb, but the circumcised were. In Christ, the substance, we are the circumcision (Phil 3), we are citizens of Israel (Eph 2). We are to eat of the Passover Lamb. John 6:53 Jesus said to them, “I tell you the truth, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you.
Just as OC Israel was to eat of the Passover Lamb, we are to eat of Christ our Passover Lamb.
The Passover Lamb was sacrificed in the process of rescuing God’s people from slavery. The entire context of our teaching today is based on the deliverance of the Israelites from slavery to Egypt. In like manner Jesus our Passover Lamb was sacrificed to rescue God’s people from slavery to sin. Romans 6:20 When you were slaves to sin, you were free from the control of righteousness. Romans 6:22 But now that you have been set free from sin…God’s people once were slaves, but He has rescued them from slavery and freed them from their oppressor. Christ is our Passover Lamb.
In the same way that the Passover Lamb was sacrificed in the process of freeing God’s people from slavery to Egypt, Jesus our Passover Lamb was sacrificed in the process of rescuing God’s people from slavery to sin.
Christ is our Passover Lamb. Finally, perhaps the most obvious correlation you will see between the Passover Lamb and Christ is the shedding of the blood that covers God’s people – protecting them from His wrath. Those living in Egypt were in position to face death as punishment. Only those to whom the blood of the Passover Lamb was applied were saved from that wrath. We, too, were in position to face death as punishment. For, all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God and the wages of sin is death. But those of us, who are covered by the blood of Christ, our Passover Lamb, are saved from that wrath. John 1:29 The next day John (the Baptist) saw Jesus coming toward him and said, “Look, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!” Covered by the blood of Christ, our sins are removed and thus we are not under God’s wrath. The shedding of the blood of Christ, our Passover Lamb covers us and protects us from God’s wrath.
REVIEW; NOT COINCIDENCE
Christ is our Passover Lamb. The Scripture declares it explicitly. 1 Cor 5:7b
- Christ was sacrificed on Passover. Coincidence? I think not!
- Christ was a male without defect. Coincidence? I think not!
- None of His bones were broken. Coincidence? I think not!
- He declared that God’s people were to eat of Him. Coincidence? I think not!
- He was sacrificed in the process of freeing God’s people from slavery. Coincidence? I think not!
- His blood covers God’s people protecting us from God’s wrath. Coincidence? I think not!
I believe all of this was done according to the will of a Sovereign God, that it was predestined according to the plan of Him who works out everything in conformity with the purpose of His will.
REALLY HAPPENED BUT FORESHADOWED A GREATER REALITY IN CHRIST
The Passover in Egypt was an event that foreshadowed a greater event to come. God really rescued His people, Israel from slavery to Egypt. He really passed over and did not destroy those who were covered by the blood of the lamb. Yet in doing so, God symbolized a greater Passover, where He rescued His people from slavery to sin, passing over and not destroying those who are covered by the blood of the lamb. Christ is our Passover Lamb.
Are you covered by the blood of the Lamb? Have you been covered by the blood of the Lamb? Sin separates us from a Holy God and makes us His enemies. Jesus Christ, a perfect lamb without defect is our Passover Lamb and He has been sacrificed on our behalf. Only His blood can cover us and redeem us, and rescue us from slavery to sin and protect us from the wrath of God.
As Israel of Old, BY FAITH, applied the blood of the Passover Lamb to their doorposts, let us by faith apply the blood of Christ to our consciences that God’s wrath would pass over us and that we would be redeemed and rescued from the sin that enslaves.
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